Extreme Close Up
When an extreme close up shot is taken of a person it usually focuses on around the eyes of the persons face. It can also be used to show detail on an object such as in this image where it is showing the individual rain drops that are on the surface.
Close up
a close up of a person will focus on a body part such as the face or arm. this can be useufull when showing facial expressions as the viewer can easily see the different expressions the actor will be doing.
Medium shot
the medium shot allows the viewers to see more of the scene without looking at everything. when shooting a medium shot of a person it will be the top half of the person like in the picture below.
Long shot
A long shot will capture a larger view than medium shot allowing the viewer to see more detail in the scene. it can show the whole body of the actor and details around them
Very long shot
a very long shot is usually used when the director wishes to get as much detail into the scene as possible or when they want the viewer to see a larger shot much like the one in the image.High angle shot
a high angle shot can be used so the viewer has a sense that the character is looking at something that is above them.
Low angle shot
a low angle shot is bassicaly the opposite of a high angle shot, instead of having the camera looking down on the actors the camera is facing upwards. this can be used to show the scale of size of an object or person. such as shooting a shot of a giant. 
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